nEuropean dominance spread to new areas during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
nBritish and French merchants strengthened their positions as the Mughal Empire began falling apart.
nBritain passed legislation designed to turn their holdings into dependent regions.
nTariffs blocked cottons from competing with British production.
nIndia’s complex economy survived, but with a weakened international status.
nEastern Europe joined world economic activity by exporting grain, mainly produced by serfs working on large estates, from Prussia, Poland, and Russia, to the West.