nMore troops went to the New World, and Creole militias were formed.
nFrontiers were defended and expanded; California was settled.
nThe government took an active role in the economy.
nState monopolies were founded and monopoly companies opened new regions for development.
nCuba
became a full plantation colony.
nBuenos Aires presided over a booming economy based on beef and hides.
nMining revived with new discoveries worked by improved technology.
nThe Bourbon changes had revitalized the empire, but in the process they stimulated growing dissatisfaction among colonial elites.