lThere were major cultural patterns in the Americas outside of the main civilization areas.
lThey shared features with both the Andes and Mesoamerica, perhaps serving at times as points of cultural and material change between the two regions.
lIn central Colombia the Muisca and Tairona peoples had large, sedentary agriculture-based chiefdoms that shared many resemblances with other similarly based states.
lAlong the Amazon the rich aquatic environment supported complex, populous chiefdoms; other large populations dependent upon agriculture were present on Caribbean islands.