The Rise of the Dutch and English Trading Empires
nDutch and English rivals challenged the weakened Portuguese in the 17th century.
qThe Dutch captured Malacca and built a fort at Batavia in Java in 1620.
qThey decided to concentrate on the monopoly control of some spices.
qThe English were forced to fall back to India.
nThe Dutch trading empire resembled the Portuguese, but they had better armed ships and controlled their monopoly with ruthless efficiency.
