qThe world religions of Islam and Hinduism were difficult foes.
qItalian Jesuit Robert Di Nobli during the 1660s unsuccessfully attempted to win converts among upper-caste members through study of Sanskrit and Indian culture.
qGeneral conversion occurred only in isolated regions like the northern Philippines.
qOnce conquered the government turned indigenous peoples over to missionary orders.
qConverted Filipino leaders led their peoples into European ways, but traditional beliefs remained strong within the converts' to Christianity.