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n |
By 1700,
following two
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centuries of
involvement,
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Europeans had
made only a
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minimal impact on
the
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peoples of south
and
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southeast Asia.
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n |
Important new
trade routes
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linking Europe,
the Indian
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Ocean, the
Philippines, and
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the Americas had
opened.
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n |
The Europeans
also had
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established
commercial
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centers, such as
Goa,
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Calcutta, and
Batavia, and
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introduced the
concept of
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sea warfare into
a once
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peaceful
commercial world.
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