Isolation
n Ieyasu and his successors
broadened the campaign to
isolate Japan from outside
influences.
n From 1616 merchants were
confined to a few cities;
from 1630 Japanese ships
could not sail overseas.
n By the 1640s only Dutch
and Chinese ships visited
Japan to trade at Deshima
island.
n Western books were
banned. The retreat into
isolation was almost total by
the mid-17th century.