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n |
Ieyasu and his
successors
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|
broadened the
campaign to
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isolate Japan
from outside
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influences.
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n |
From 1616
merchants were
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|
confined to a few
cities;
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from 1630
Japanese ships
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|
could not sail
overseas.
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n |
By the 1640s only
Dutch
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|
and Chinese
ships visited
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|
Japan to trade
at Deshima
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|
island.
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n |
Western books
were
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|
banned. The
retreat into
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|
isolation was
almost total by
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|
the mid-17th
century.
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