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| Spanish-American |
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| Independence Struggles |
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| Northern South America |
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| • | In
northern South |
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| America
an |
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| independence |
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| movement
led by a |
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| Creole
officer, Simon |
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| Bolívar
a Creole military |
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| officer,
appeared in |
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| Caracas
in 1810. |
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