The Consolidation of Latin America

Argentina:
The Port and the Nation

The United Provinces of
Rio de la Plata

Weakness and the Gauchos

The Argentine Republic

Domingo F. Sarmiento

Results of Sarmiento’s Reforms

The Brazilian Empire

Monarchy vs Republic

Fazendas

The Abolition of Slavery

Enter the Republic

Societies in Search of Themselves

Cultural Expression after Independence

Positivism

Old Patterns of Gender, Class, and Race

Woman’s Rights

Natives and Former Slaves

Control by only a few