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A move to
industrialization was
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part of the
process of change.
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State support
was vital since Russia
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lacked a middle
class and capital.
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A railway
system was created in the
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1870s; it
reached the Pacific in the
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1880s.
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The railways
stimulated the iron and
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coal sectors
as well as the export of
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grain to the
West.
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They also
opened Siberia to
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development
and increased Russian
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involvement in
Asia.
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Factories
appeared in Russian and
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Polish cities
by the 1880s and the
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government
quickly acted to protect
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them from
foreign competition.
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