•After
the initial Muslim conquests, internal divisions weakened
Muslim rule and allowed limited Hindu reconquest.
•In
the 10th century a Turkish dynasty gained power in Afghanistan.
•Its
third ruler, Mahmud of Ghazni, began two centuries of
incursions into northern India.
•In
the 12th century the Persian Muhammad of Ghur created an extensive
state in the Indus valley and north-central India.