Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization to South and
Southeast Asia

Chapter Summary

The Islamic Heartlands in the Middle Abbasid Era

The Islamic Heartlands in the Late Abbasid Era

Imperial Extravagance

Succession Disputes

Imperial Breakdown

Agrarian Disorder

The Declining  Position of Women

Family and Society

Nomadic Incursions

The Eclipse of Caliphal Power

The Impact of the Christian Crusades

The Christian Crusades

An Age Of Learning

Artistic Refinement

The Full Flowering of Persian Literature

Persian Literature

Achievements in the Sciences

The Sciences

Religious
Trends

The New Impetus for Expansion

New Waves of Nomadic Invasions and the End of the Caliphate

The Coming of Islam to South Asia

Islam in South Asia

North India on the Eve of the Muslim Invasions

the Muslim Invasions

Political Divisions

The First Muslim Invasions

Indian Influences on Islamic Civilization

From Booty to Empire

The Second Wave of Muslim Invasions

Patterns of Conversion

Conversion Patterns

Patterns of Accommodation

Accommodation

Islamic Challenge

Hindu Revival

Stand-off

The Muslim Presence in India at the End of the Sultanate Period

The Spread of Islam to Southeast Asia

Spread of Islam

Trading Contacts and Conversion

Malacca

Islam and Java

Sufi Mystics

The Nature of Southeast Asian Islam

Conversion and Accommodation in the Spread of World Religions

The Legacy of the Abbasid Age

Conclusion

Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization to South and
Southeast Asia