| Political Divisions |
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| • | Harsha's
empire collapsed with his |
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| death in 646. |
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| • | Hindu culture
continued to flourish, |
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| but political
divisions left north India |
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| open to Muslim
invasions beginning |
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| in 711. |
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| • | The Umayyad
general Muhammad ibn |
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| Qasim
conquered and annexed Sind, |
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| and , despite
quarrels among |
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| succeeding
Muslim dynasties, the |
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| occupation
endured. |
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