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4	The Mythical Founding of Rome: Romulus & Remus According to the Roman mythology, the founders of Rome were Romulus and Remus. The twin-brothers were the supposed sons of the god Mars and the Priestess Rhea Silvia.
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7	Romulus Alone
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9	The Early Kings It is believed that early Rome had seven kings of which Romulus is believed to be the first. These kings are believed to have destroyed Alba Longa, fought against the Sabines, and captured a number of Latin towns Lucius Tarquinius Superbus believed to have reigned from 534 to 510 BC, the seventh and last king. Was a tyrant who was overthrown when his son ravished Lucretia, the wife of a kinsman. Tarquinius was banished, and attempts by Etruscan or Latin cities to reinstate him on the throne at Rome were unsuccessful.
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15	"The Appian Way was begun..." The Appian Way was begun about 312 BC, and the Flaminian Way, about 220 BC. By Roman law, the right of use of the roads belonged to all of the public, but the maintenance of the roadway was the responsibility of the inhabitants of the district through which the road ran.
16	"Ancient Rome was supplied by..." Ancient Rome was supplied by more than 10 aqueducts, providing the city with some 38 million gallons of water each day. The Romans built aqueducts in all parts of their empire, many of which are still standing.
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20	The Republic Expands The external history of Rome during this period was chiefly military. Rome had acquired all of Latium before the close of the regal period. Assisted by their allies, the Romans fought wars against the Etruscans, the Volscians, and the Aequians. The defeat of the Romans at Allia and the capture and burning of Rome by the Gauls in 390 BC were great disasters, but their effect was temporary. By the middle of the 4th century BC all southern Etruria was kept in check by Roman garrisons and denationalized by an influx of Roman colonists. Victories over its central neighbors gave the Romans control of central Italy and brought them into conflict with the Samnites of southern Italy, who were defeated in a series of three wars, extending from 343 to 290 BC. The northern confederacy, made up of six neighboring states was defeated in 283 BC and the so was the rest of the southern states soon after. The Greek colonies in far southern Italy and Northern Sicily were next. By 276BC the Romans controlled all of Italy as far north as the Arno and Rubicon rivers.
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22	First Punic War
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24	The Second Punic War
25	The Macedonian Wars Fifty years after defeating the Carthaginians, Rome had become the mightiest state in the east, first by conquering Hannibal’s ally Philip V, king of Macedonia; Philip’s ambition to dominate the Aegean Sea drew Rome into the Second Macedonian War (200-197 BC), which ended with his defeat. Next came the liberation of Greece and a war against Antiochus III, king of Syria, who was defeated by the Romans at Magnesia in 190 BC and obliged to surrender Asia Minor. In the Third (and final) Macedonian War, Macedonia was made a Roman province in 146 BC.
26	The Third Punic War In 146 BC came the end of the Third Punic War, which had begun three years earlier. Scipio Africanus Minor captured and destroyed Carthage, thus bringing to an end the Carthaginian empire, whose territory became the Roman province of Africa. A series of Spanish campaigns ended with the conquering of most of the rest of Spain in 133 BC. Thus in 131 years Rome had developed from a land power controlling only the Italian peninsula to a world empire. From Syria to Spain the Mediterranean was now dominated by Rome. During this period the Romans made great cultural advances.
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31	The Civil War
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34	Marc Antony and Cleopatra
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36	"Octavian received the title of..." Octavian received the title of Augustus in 27 BC (Which means holy one) he restored elements of the Republic, with himself as princeps, or chief citizen. Retaining the republican constitution, though as princeps Augustus held the real authority. He could overrule the Senate and he controlled most of the Roman military. The Senate retained some control of Rome, Italy, and the older, more peaceful provinces. The frontier provinces, where legions were quartered, were governed by people appointed and controlled by Augustus.
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40	Tiberius The emperor Tiberius, succeeded his stepfather Augustus in AD 14 and ruled until the year 37. He was a capable administrator but the object of general dislike and suspicion. He relied on military power and in Rome had his Praetorian Guard, the only organized troops allowed legally in Rome, within ready call.
41	Caligula He was known as little boot because of his small shoes. Caligula adopted Gemellus as his son but later had him murdered. A decent ruler for the first six months, he became a vicious tyrant after a severe illness. Historians believe that he probably went insane. He squandered his fortune on public entertainment and building projects Banished or murdered most of his relatives Had people tortured and killed while he ate Made his favorite horse a consul Declared himself a god And had human sacrifices offered to himself. In 41CE the officers of his guard formed a conspiracy against him, and he was assassinated.
42	Claudius Claudius's reign was that of an able administrator, both in civil and military affairs. Though his wife Messalina became largely responsible for administering the government and she practiced cruelties and extortions without restraint. In 48 Claudius ordered the execution of Messalina, who had indicated her contempt for him by publicly staging a mock marriage with her lover. He then defied widespread disapproval by marrying his niece, Agrippina the Younger, under whose influence he deprived his son Britannicus, of his heritage, adopting instead Agrippina's son by a former marriage, Nero. Shortly thereafter Claudius was poisoned, presumably by Agrippina.
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45	Nero The initial five years of Nero's reign were marked by moderation. However soon he married his step sister Octavia. Adopted his step brother Britannicus, then later had his step brother murdered. In 59 he had his mother put to death for her criticism of his mistress. In 62 he divorced (and later executed) Octavia and married Poppaea. In July 64, two-thirds of Rome burned while Nero was at Antium. Many believe he had the city burned on purpose. Of course he laid the blame on the Christians and persecuted them. He rebuilt the city in Marble. (Fire Proof) Viewing himself as an artist and a religious visionary, he scandalized the army and aristocracy when he appeared publicly as an actor in religious dramas. In 67 he kicked Poppaea to death by Nero, and he married Statilia Messalina after executing her husband. In 68 the Gallic and Spanish legions, along with the Praetorian Guards, rose against him, and he fled Rome. Declared a public enemy by the Senate, he committed suicide on June 9, 68, near Rome.
46	Subsequent Emperors to 192
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48	Subsequent Rulers Many subsequent rulers succumb to a violent death, usually at the hands of the soldiers who had established them on the throne. There was also a rapid succession of historically unimportant emperors, of whom six ruled in the 9-year period before the accession of Diocletian.
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50	Diocletian Diocletian (284 to 305) was an able administrator who introduced many social, economic, and political reforms. He removed the political and economic privileges that Rome and Italy had enjoyed at the expense of the provinces. He sought to regulate rampant inflation by controlling prices and setting a maximum wage for workers. To provide a more efficient administration, uniform throughout the empire, he split the empire into four parts, naming three other Caesars, but this only eventually caused problems. In 305. Diocletian and Maximian abdicated and a civil war ensued between the remaining two Caesars that did not end until the accession of Constantine the Great in 312.
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57	The Stony End After the Fall
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