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3	Geography and Political Development Little suitable land, no large flat areas for large-scale farming No place is farther than 80 miles from the sea Has always been easier to travel and trade by sea than by land Geography also encouraged political fragmentation Own sense of community and identity Only secondarily shared common culture and language
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5	Early Aegean Civilizations Minoan Civilization Great Traders exchanging Olive Oil and Honey for Gold, Food and Linen King Lived in a large unguarded place The Minotaur Woman were believe to have equal status with men Invaded and Destroyed in 1400BCE
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10	The Mycenaean Civilization Originally nomad they invaded the Peloponnesus around 2000BCE and intermarried with the locals. By 1400BCE they controlled the Achaean Sea. Believe to have occupied Knossos. Fought the Trojan War
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12	The Trojan War From the Poems of Homer Mycenae attacked Troy after the Trojan Prince kidnapped Helen, the wife of the king of Sparta. The King of Sparta was the brother of King Agamemnon of Mycenae Enlisted the help of other Greeks to fight in the war Lasted 10 years Ended with the fall of Troy Beginning of the Dark Ages of Greece
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15	The Greek City States During the Dark Ages some Greek city-states prospered and became cities. At first, these city-states were ruled by Kings. After 750BCE the Greeks started developing colonies on distant shores from the Black Sea to Gibraltar, at the mouth of the Atlantic Ocean. Despite their worldliness, the Greeks still looked at outsiders as “Barbaroi” or Barbarians.
16	Warring Units Bt 650BCE, war chariots, common in Egypt and Mesopotamia were replaced with “Phalanx Units” These were massive formations of heavily armed foot soldiers standing shoulder to shoulder.
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25	Woman in Athenian Society Married between 14 and 16. Had no political rights. They could not attend the Assembly, hold office, own property, or conduct any legal business. Nearest male relative was her legal guardian Most woman lived in strict seclusion Lived in separate parts of the house from their husbands.
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32	"Very Different from Athens" Very Different from Athens Headed by two kings A council of 28 Elders advised the kings Assembly of Spartan Citizens 5 Overseers (Ephors) Directed Government. Military Dominated Life Boys in the military from 7 to 60. 20 Years Old – Married 30 Years Old - Citizen Spartan Woman very tough
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36	Results of the Persian Wars Delian League and other alliances formed among Greek-city states Defeat kept Persians from extending their empire into Europe, allowing Greek democracy and culture to reach their height in Athens.
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41	Peloponnesian War 431BCE – 404BCE Between Spartan League and Athenian League Spartans invaded the countryside near Athens in 431BCE Disease killed thousands of Athenians, including Pericles. Athenians had some victories under Alcibiades, but Spartans were eventually victorious. Athens Surrendered in 404BCE
42	Effects of the Peloponnesian Wars War caused widespread death and destruction Conflict arose in many city-states over democratic ideas vs. aristocratic ideas. Democracy declined in many city-states. Disunity left the Greeks unable to defend themselves against the attacks of Phillip of Macedonia. In 338BCE the Greeks lost their independence.
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