Civilization for the Few
•Sinification was largely limited in Korea to the elite, who monopolized most political offices and dominated social life.
•Much of Korea’s trade involved supplying luxuries for the elite.
•To support the importation of luxuries, Korea exported raw materials.
•Artisans remained in the lower ranks of Korean society.
•Korea failed to develop a distinctive merchant class.
•The lower ranks of Korean society existed to serve the elite.
•Salvationist Buddhism promised an afterlife as a release from the drudgery of service to the Korean aristocracy.