1	CH 9 CIVILIZATION IN EASTERN EUROPE BYZANTIUM AND ORTHODOX EUROPE
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6	“TWO ROMES” EAST AND WEST THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE ALLOWS ROMAN IDEAS TO STAY ALIVE IT BECOME MORE GREEK THAN LATIN OVER TIME http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZzxk_zDifc
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8	"BYZANTIUM WAS MORE THAN ‘..." BYZANTIUM WAS MORE THAN ‘PART’ OF ROME IT LATER SURPASSED ROME IN THE 4^TH CENTURY IT’S UNIQUE CULTURAL IDENTITY SPREAD GREATLY INFLUENCED RUSSIA
9	PROBLEMS,… INVASIONS BECAUSE OF IT’S SEPARATION, THEY SURVIVED THE NOMADIC INVASIONS THAT TORE WESTERN ROME APART EASTERN EMPERORS RULED FROM THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN TO NORTH AFRICA
10	"DEVELOPED A HIGHLY CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT..." DEVELOPED A HIGHLY CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT THAT EMPHASIZED BEAUROCRACY OVER MILITARY POWER THE CULTURE SHIFTED TO GREEK- AWAY FROM ROMAN IDEAS
11	JUSTINIAN AND THEODORA
12	EMPEROR JUSTINIAN MARRIED TO THEODORA, HIS PARTNER IN RULING TRIED TO REVIVE A UNIFIED ROMAN EMPIRE REBUILT CONSTANTINOPLE ALSO BUILT HAGIA SOPHIA
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16	"LAW- RESPONSIBLE FOR JUSTINIAN CODE-..." LAW- RESPONSIBLE FOR JUSTINIAN CODE- COLLECTION OF LEGAL PRINCIPLES FOR THE EMPIRE RECONQUERED LOST TERRITORIES IN ITALY AND NORTH AFRICA
17	"HIS VICTORIES WERE SHORT LIVED-..." HIS VICTORIES WERE SHORT LIVED- SOON FELL APART IN 540 A PANDEMIC STRUCK- THE PLAGUE THIS DISEASE WOULD REAPPEAR FOR CENTURIES, DEVASTATING EUROPE
18	AFTER THE PLAGUE JUSTINIAN AND HIS WIFE SURVIVED, HE WITHDREW TO HIS PALACE THE DISEASE WOULD REAPPEAR IN THE 14^TH CENTURY IN EUROPE
19	"IT WAS RECORDED THAT FOR..." IT WAS RECORDED THAT FOR A WHILE UP TO 10,000 A DAY DIED THERE WERE SO MANY BODIES NO ONE COULD BURY THE DEAD TOTAL DEATH TOLL? +/- 100 MILLION
20	AFTER JUSTINIAN MOSTLY TRIED TO HOLD ONTO THE EASTERN PARTS ISLAM WAS PRESSURING THEM AT EVERY TURN CONSTANTINOPLE WAS ATTACKED OVER AND OVER
21	CONSTANIOPLE UNDER SEIGE FOR MANY YEARS MUSLIM ARMIES TRIED TO TAKE THE CITY STRONG DEFENSES ALLOWED THE TO HOLD OUT THEY ALSO USED TECHNOLOGY- ‘GREEK FIRE’ FROM 700’S TILL 1453 THEY HELD OFF INVADERS
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23	"CONSTANT WAR LED TO HIGHER..." CONSTANT WAR LED TO HIGHER TAXES, WEAKENING SMALL FARMERS OTHERS ALSO FOUGHT BYZANTINE CONTROL- BULGARS BROKE AWAY THEY TOOK THE TITLE “TSAR”- CEASAR…CZAR…TSAR… BY 1014 THEY WERE DEFEATED
24	BYZANTINE POLITICS AND SOCIETY VERY ORGANIZED GOVERNMENT- SIMILAR TO CHINA EMPEROR WAS THE HEAD OF STATE AND OF THE CHURCH AS IN CHINA- LARGE BUREAUCRACY
25	"ARISTOCRATS HAD MOST OF THE..." ARISTOCRATS HAD MOST OF THE POWER, BUT THERE WAS ROOM TO ADVANCE IN SOCIETY GOVENORS WERE APPPOINTED FROM CONSTANIOPLE LOTS OF GOVT SPIES MILITARY SERVICE WAS HEREDITARY- FAIRLY SUCESSFUL
26	CONSTANTINOPLE THE CAPITAL WAS THE CENTER OF EVERYTHING, THIS MADE OTHER CITIES IN THE EMPIRE WEAK CONSTANTINOPLE REGULATED ALL TRADE, IF IT FALLS SO DOES TRADE
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28	A TRADE HUB CONSTANTINOPLE LINKED ASIA, THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTHERN EUROPE IN A TRADING NETWORK LUXURY GOODS SOUGHT MERCHANTS GREW WEALTHY, BUT HAD LITTLE POWER
29	THE GREAT SPLIT- EAST/WEST
30	CHRISTANITY SPLITS BEFORE THIS THERE HAD BEEN ONLY ONE DOMINANT CHRISTIAN CHURCH AS THE EMPIRE GREW APART SO DID CHRISTIANITY
31	"TWO GROUPS- CATHOLICS AND THE..." TWO GROUPS- CATHOLICS AND THE ORTHODOX CHURCH SEVERAL ISSUES DIVIDED THEM: THE SUPREMACY OF THE POPE IN ROME DIFFERING RITUALS USED IN WORSHIP SERVICES THE USE OF RELIGIOUS ICONS
32	"CHARLEMAGNE BEING CROWNED “ROMAN..." CHARLEMAGNE BEING CROWNED “ROMAN EMPEROR” WHETHER PRIESTS COULD MARRY THEY COULD NOT IN THE WEST, COULD IN THE EAST FINALLY THE POPE EXCOMMUNICATED THE EASTERN CHURCH- HE WAS IGNORED IN THE EAST
33	"SOME SAY IT WAS THE..." SOME SAY IT WAS THE REAL END OF THE “ROMAN” EMPIRE AFTER THIS EACH AREA THEY WOULD MOVE FATHER AND FARTHER APART IN IDEAS AND VALUES BOTH STILL RECOGNIZED THE OTHER AS FELLOW CHRISTIANS
34	THE DECLINE OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE AFTER THE SPLIT THE EMPIRE WENT INTO A LONG SLIDE MORE INVASIONS - THE SELJUK TURKS THIS LED TO THE CALL FOR HELP THAT BECAME THE CRUSADES
35	"EVEN AFTER THE SPLIT" EVEN AFTER THE SPLIT, ROME STILL RECOGNIZD CONSTANTINOPLE AS A CHRISTIAN CITY THE DEFEAT AT MANZIKERT SPELLED DOOM FOR THE EMPIRE THE NEED FOR HELP SHIFTED POWER BACK TO THE WEST
36	THE CRUSADES THERE WERE MANY, MANY CRUSADES FIRST WAS THE MOST SUCESSFUL THE GOAL WAS TO LIBERATE THE HOLY LAND
37	"THE FIRST CRUSADE WAS THE..." THE FIRST CRUSADE WAS THE MOST SUCESSFUL CRUSADERS ARE SUPPOSED TO DEFEND CHRISTIANITY, RETAKE THE HOLY LAND 4^TH CRUSADE STOPS IN CONSTANINOPLE- WRECKS THE CITY, NEVER GETS ANY FARTHER
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40	THE FINAL FALL 1453 MEHMED II CAPTURES CONSTANTINOPLE BY 1461 THE EMPIRE IS UNDER MUSLIM CONTROL FOR GOOD
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44	"THE FALL OF THE BYZANTINE..." THE FALL OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE ENDED CHRISTAIN DOMINANCE IN THE AREA THEY HAD MAINTAINED TRADE NETWORKS, AND CLASSICAL MEDITERRANEAN LEARNING NOW THE OTTOMANS WOULD BE SUPREME IN THE AREA
45	NOT THESE OTTOMANS…
46	THESE OTTOMANS
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48	THE SPREAD OF CIVILIZATION TO EASTERN EUROPE MISSIONARIES BROUGHT THE NEW CHRISTAN FAITH TRADE BROUGHT IDEAS ABOUT SOCIETY AND GOVERNMENT, INVENTIONS ETC…
49	THE CYRILLIC ALPHABET NAMED AFTER TWO MONKS, CYRIL AND METHODUS DONE SO THAT THEY COULD HELP PEOPLE READ THE BIBLE IN THEIR OWN LANGUAGE
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54	ENGLISH TO RUSSIAN: POOLESVILE FALCONS KICK HINNY! ПООЛЕСВИЛЕ ФАЛЦОНС КИЦК ХИННЅ! AP WORLD HISTORY ROCKS! АП ЊОРЛД ХИСТОРЅ РОЦКС!
55	"THE BORDER AREAS WERE STILL..." THE BORDER AREAS WERE STILL UNDER LOOSE CONTROL BY LOCAL PRINCES JEWS WHO WERE FLEEING WESTERN EUROPE SETTLED IN MANY AREAS, BECAME ACTIVE IN LOCAL TRADE
56	KIEVAN RUS’ VIKING DESCENDANTS BEGAN TO TAKE CONTROL AROUND THE CITY OF KIEV THIS WAS A TRADE ROUTE VLADIMIR CONVERTED THE WHOLE COUNTRY TO CHRISTIANITY IT’S SAID HE CHOSE CHRISTIANITY AS IT HAD THE FEWEST RESTRICTIONS ON FOOD AND DRINKING
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58	"Grandson of Saint Olga" Grandson of Saint Olga. Christianity had made some progress in Kiev, but Vladimir remained pagan, had seven wives, established temples, and participated in idolatrous rites, possibly involving human sacrifice. Around 987, Byzantine Emperor Basil II (976-1025) sought military aid from Vladimir. The two reached a pact for aid that involved Basil's sister Anne in marriage, and Vladimir becoming a Christian. He was baptized and then ordered the Christian conversion of Kiev and Novgorod.
59	"THEY WERE ALSO SAID TO..." THEY WERE ALSO SAID TO BE AWED BY THE SPLENDOR OF THE BYZANTINE CHURCHES ORTHODOX CHURCH LEADERS WERE BROUGH IN, BUT THE KING WAS THE HEAD OF THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH YAROSLAV CODIFIED RUSSIAN LAW
60	YAROSLAV THE WISE
61	"THEY COPIED A LOT FROM..." THEY COPIED A LOT FROM BYZANTIUM. THEIR ART FOCUSED ON RELIGIOUS FIGURES, DOMES STRUCTURES ECHOED BYZANTIUM PEASANTS WERE MOSTLY FREE, UNDER LOCAL CONTROL. RUSSIAN ARISTOCRATS (BOYARS )HAD SOME POWERS, THE LOCAL PRINCES HAD THE REST- A BALANCE OF POWER
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64	KIEVAN DECLINE SUCESSION DISPUTES CONFLICT WITH LOCAL PRINCES BYZANTIUMS FALL CUT OFF TRADE TIES INVASION FROM THE MONGOLS (TATARS)
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66	THE MONGOLS – THE GOLDEN HORDE FOR 200 YEARS CONTROLLED MUCH OF PRESENT DAY RUSSIA CONQUERED THEM IN THE WINTER- THE ONLY PEOPLE TO EVER DO THAT THIS CUT OFF THE NORTH-SOUTH TRADE AXIS, CUT THEM OFF CULTURALLY AS WELL HAD LITTLE IMPACT ON ORTHODOX RELIGION
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70	"MONGOLS ESTABLISHED STATE ON THE..." MONGOLS ESTABLISHED STATE ON THE STEPPE - GOLDEN HORDE BATU KHAN COLLECTED TAXES EXACTED MILITARY SERVICE ALLOWED RELIGIOUS FREEDOM MOST MONGOLS CONVERTED TO ISLAM PRINCES REQUIRED TO PRESENT THEMSELVES TO KHAN TO OBTAIN A “CHARTER”.
71	MUSCOVY STATE MUSCOVY STATE (MOSCOW CITY-STATE) LOCATED ON 4 GREAT RIVERS SMALL CITY-STATE PRINCE ALEXANDER NEVSKY MADE PEACE WITH MONGOLS, FOUGHT WESTERN CHRISTIANS LEFT STATE TO SON IVAN I
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73	"THE LOCAL RULERS STILL EXISTED" THE LOCAL RULERS STILL EXISTED, JUST HAD TO BOW DOWN TO THE MONGOLS, PAY TAXES ETC… WHEN THE MONGOLS WERE KICKED OUT IN 15^TH CENTURY, THE LOCAL RULERS, (BOYARS) REEMERGED TO TAKE CONTROL
74	DOMINTATION OF MOSCOW IVAN I COOPERATED WITH MONGOLS MOSCOW POLITICALLY POWERFUL MOSCOW SPIRITUAL CAPITAL TAMERLANE DEFEATED GOLDEN HORDE GOLDEN HORDE DISINTEGRATES INTO KHANATES MUSCOVITE PRINCES SEND GIFTS - NOT TRIBUTE - TO GOLDEN HORDE
75	IVAN III IVAN III ACQUIRED FORMER LANDS CASH PURCHASE INHERITANCE (MARRIED DAUGHTER OF LAST BYZANTINE EMPEROR) TREATIES MADE UNDER DURESS WAR
76	IVAN III RULER OF RUSSIA = “CZAR” IMPORTED RENAISSANCE MASTERS BUILT STONE CATHEDRALS MOVED TOWARDS AUTOCRACY CHURCH PROVIDES IVAN III WITH LEGITIMACY CHURCH PROVIDES IVAN WITH GENEALOGY BACK TO RURIK (CORRECT) AND TO A BROTHER OF AUGUSTUS
77	THE THIRD ROME RUSSIAN LEADERS REMEMBERED THE GLORIES OF CONSTANTINOPLE THEY FELT THE BURDEN OF CARRYING ON TRADITIONS HAD FALLEN TO RUSSIA THEY CALLED THEMSELVES – “ THE THIRD ROME”
78	THE END OF AN ERA EASTERN EUROPE FELL ON HARD TIMES FOR MANY YEARS WESTERN EUROPE DEVELOPED WITHOUT OUTSIDE INTERFERENCE UNLIKE ROME, OR CHINA, BYZANTINE INFLUENCE DISAPPEARED
79	IVAN IV “THE TERRIBLE” GRANDSON NOBLES GRANTED LAND FOR MILITARY SERVICE TIED SERFS TO LAND VIOLENT, KILLED OWN SON BLACK HORSES AND BLACK ROBES-SLAUGHTERED REBELS INTRODUCED RUSSIA TO EXTREME ABSOLUTE POWER EASTERN EUROPE
80	CHAPTER 9 - CIVILIZATION IN EASTERN EUROPE THE END BYZANTIUM AND ORTHODOX EUROPE