Russia and Eastern Europe
nAfter the loss to Japan Russian foreign activities returned to the Ottoman Empire, and eastern Europe.
nThe nations of Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, some recently gaining independence from the Ottomans, established parliaments elected by carefully restricted voters.
•Kings ruled without much check.
•Most nations abolished serfdom, but landlord power remained
extensive and peasant unrest continued.
nIn
economic organization industrialization was minimal; they remained
agricultural exporters dependent on Western markets.