Conclusion:
The Measure of Islamic
Achievement
nBy the 9th century Abbasid power had waned before the
rise of regional states and
the incursions of non-Muslim peoples.
nThe Turks converted to Islam and became a major
component of the
Muslim world.
nThe Arabs had created a basis for the first global
civilization, incorporating
many linguistic and ethnic groups into one culture.
nThey created Islam, one of the great universal
religions.
nReligion and politics initially had been joined, but
the Umayyads.
nHowever, the Abbasids used religious legitimacy to
govern their vast
empires.
nIn both religion and politics they absorbed
precedents from earlier
civilizations.
nMuslims did the same in the arts and sciences, later
fashioning their
own innovative thinking which influenced other societies in Europe, Africa, and Asia.