Islamic Challenge
•Muslims, despite Indian influences, held to the tenets of Islam.
•The Hindu response, open to all individuals and castes led to an increased emphasis on devotional cults of gods and goddesses (bhakti).
•The cults, open to men, women, and all castes, stressed the importance of strong emotional bonds to the gods.
•Mira Bai, a low-caste woman, and Kabir, a Muslim weaver, composed songs and poems in regional languages accessible to common people.