The Islamic Heartlands in the Late Abbasid Era
•Signs of decline were present during the reign of Caliph al-Mahdi (775-785).
•He failed to reconcile moderate Shi'i to Abbasid rule.
•Al-Mahdi abandoned the frugal ways of his predecessor and surrounded his court with luxury.
•He failed to establish a succession system resolving disputes among his many sons, leaving a lasting problem to future rulers.