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The
native Arawak Amerindians - who inhabited the island of Hispaniola
when it was discovered by Columbus in 1492 - were virtually annihilated
by Spanish settlers within 25 years. In the early 17th century, the
French established a presence on Hispaniola, and in 1697, Spain ceded
to the French the western third of the island - Haiti. The French
colony, based on forestry and sugar-related industries, became one of
the wealthiest in the Caribbean, but only through the heavy importation
of African slaves and considerable environmental degradation. In the
late 18th century, Haiti's nearly half million slaves revolted under
Toussaint L'OUVERTURE and after a prolonged struggle, became the first
black republic to declare its independence in 1804. Haiti has been
plagued by political violence for most of its history. It is the
poorest country in the Western Hemisphere. (cia factbook)
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